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This study reviews the literature on gender relations and climate change. Gender analysis contributes to the understanding of: (1) vulnerability and climate change impacts; (2) adaptations in different contexts; (3) responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions; (4) inequalities in climate governance; and (5) knowledge and social action on climate change. Overall, the literature has established that gender relations are an integral feature of social transformations associated with climate change. This poses a challenge to gender-blind social research into climate change. It is vital that the gendered character of climate change is recognized and further explored in the social sciences and humanities.