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Afghanistan has taken another step towards implementing its national climate strategy by ratifying the Kyoto Protocol. Afghanistan has suffered more than three decades of varying degrees of conflict, dramatically reducing its resilience to decreasing rainfall and other climatic changes. Climate change and drought are especially serious for the country since 80% of the population rely on natural resources for their livelihoods. Joining Kyoto allows the country to take part in the UN’s international emissions trading programmes; raising the prospect of richer nations investing in renewable energy and similar low carbon schemes in Afghanistan.