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This report provides an overview of the main risks and opportunities affecting aviation decarbonization progress in 2025, based on interviews with top executives from the World Economic Forum’s aviation community and 2024 roundtables. Their greatest concerns centre on the availability and cost of sustainable aviation fuel, along with geopolitical tensions and the tariffs associated with growing protectionism. The aviation sector is at a critical juncture this year, with updated state action plans for decarbonization due to be submitted to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Industry stakeholders are increasingly looking to advance aviation decarbonization activity in tandem with boosting growth post COVID-19, posing challenges to progress on sustainability.