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The interdisciplinary nature of biofuels research makes the benefits open access to biologists, chemists, engineers, geneticists and biotechnologists. Technologies to produce the first-generation liquid fuels, such as ethanol from starch and sugar and biodiesel from vegetable oils, are commercially installed. Systems integration and the integration of bioengineering with chemical engineering for cost-effective production is the road map to sue second-generation fuels, such as cellulose ethanol, P-series fuels, synthetic bio FT diesel and DME. Transportation biofuels, such as synfuel hydrocarbons or cellulosic ethanol, if provide much greater supplies and environmental benefits than food-based biofuels. The alternatives, like biofuels and hydrogen can be used in existing engineer technologies and hydrogen can be efficiently used in upcoming technologies, such as fuel cells, which hold great potential in the foreseeable future. The biomass particularly appears to be an attractive to hydrocarbons for producing both biofuels and hydrogen.