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An immediate, uniform implementation of BS (Bharat Stage) IV norms and of BS V norms by 2020 across the country can improve air quality and health of city dwellers, a recent TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) study says. The study compares a business as usual scenario with three alternative scenarios when fuel emission norms upgraded to BS IV and V have been assessed with PM 2.5 levels (fine respirable particles) and NOx (nitrogen oxides) levels. Presented at a forum on vehicular emissions control for better quality, the study found that in a BAU scenario the PM 2.5 levels will almost treble and NOx levels will be six times current levels. But if BS IV is implemented throughout the country by 2015 and BS V is introduced by 2020 then PM 2.5 and NOx levels can be limited to a level slightly higher than the current levels. As of now only 13 cities including Delhi have BS IV standards but since trucks that travel through states and those with BS III norms may pollute BS IV cities too.