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Localized air pollution, posing an environmental and health challenge, has been linked to the presence of 'heat islands' in Delhi — pockets which are significantly warmer than their surroundings. A study of these localized 'hot spots', compiled after a controversy over a Delhi versus Beijing pollution scare, revealed that vehicular congestion in conjunction with highly built-up areas is creating worrying levels of pollution, affecting a significant population. Results of the study, prepared by the system of air quality forecasting and research (SAFAR), show that at some locations in the city, the temperature is a clear 3 to 4 degrees higher than the immediate surroundings. These zones are prone to higher incidence of fine particulate matter, or PM 2.5, that is linked to health hazards as the particles tend to get lodged in lungs.