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Just two hours of exposure to air pollution may impair human brain function, according to a study. The researchers found that exposure to diesel exhaust for just two hours causes a decrease in the brain's functional connectivity - a measure of how different areas of the brain interact and communicate with each other. The study, published in the journal Environmental Health, provides the first evidence in humans, from a controlled experiment, of altered brain network connectivity induced by air pollution. This study, the first of its kind in the world, provides fresh evidence supporting a connection between air pollution and cognition.